Minus tides at Carlsbad

What a minus tide is

Tide heights are measured from a datum — here MLLW — which is roughly the average of the lower low waters. Most low tides sit a little above it. A few times a year one falls below, and the height is printed as a negative number: a minus tide.

They happen on the same days as the king tides, and for the same reason. When the sun and moon pull together the water comes up further than usual, and it also goes out further than usual. The big high and the big low are six hours apart on the same day.

A foot below datum does not sound like much. On a shallow shore it can mean a few hundred yards of ground uncovered that nobody sees the rest of the year.

What to do at low water at Carlsbad

Cabrillo National Monument at Point Loma has the best-known tidepools in southern California, and the park publishes the good low tides a season ahead because they are the only times the lower zone is reachable. La Jolla, Swami's and the reef at Cardiff all uncover on the same hours.

Most of it is protected — Cabrillo is a national monument and the La Jolla reefs sit in a marine reserve. Grunion runs are a separate business, happening on the high tides of spring and summer nights rather than the lows.

Going out safely

The water comes back. Work out when the tide turns before you walk out to anything, and allow more time than the return trip took — a rising tide fills channels behind you before it reaches where you are standing.

Wet rock is slippery, and what is exposed at a minus tide has been underwater long enough to be covered in weed. Anything living out there is usually protected by state or local rules; look it up before taking any of it home.